Based on the conventional observation data from ground weather stations, disaster situation and cloud images in the Qinghai Plateau from 2005 to 2016, the disastrous convective weathers were selected and classified. And on this basis the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of disastrous convection with different types and their relationship with topography were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The disastrous convection in the Qinghai Plateau mainly included thunderstorm, short-time heavy precipitation, hail and mixed type during 2005-2016, and they distributed mostly in the east of the Qinghai Plateau. (2) Topography played a key role in the location, frequency and intensity of disastrous convection. Thunderstorms mostly occurred in mountainous areas, the short-time heavy precipitation and hail mainly occurred in windward slopes, river valleys and open lowlands. The predominant disastrous convections were the mixed type and hail in agricultural area of eastern Qinghai, the mixed in pastoral area of southern Qinghai and the short-time heavy precipitation in Qinghai Lake, Qilian Mountains and Qaidam Basin, respectively. (3) The disastrous convection over the Qinghai Plateau decreased in a fluctuating tendency during 2005-2016. The days and frequencies of disastrous convection were more from 2005 to 2010 (the earlier stage), and they decreased significantly from 2011 to 2016 (the later stage), while the annual variations characteristics of disastrous convection with different types were slightly different. The days of hail and thunderstorm were larger in the early stage and decreased significantly in the later stage. The change trend of mixed type and short-time heavy precipitation days wasn’t obvious, but the annual fluctuant range of the former was larger than that of the latter. (4) Disastrous convection mainly occurred from May to September in the Qinghai Plateau, and the monthly days and frequencies of disastrous convection with different types showed a typical single peak distribution. The peak of hail and mixed type days and frequencies was in August and that of thunderstorm days and frequencies was in June, while the peak of short-time heavy precipitation days and frequencies was in August and July, respectively. (5) Disastrous convection concentrated from 13:00 pm to 01:00 am in the next day, the hail and mixed types dominated at the peak stage (16:00-20:00), while the short-time heavy precipitation dominated in the nighttime.